GEOLOGICAL AND SEISMIC INVESTIGATION OF FORMER LIGNITE MINING AREA IN ZIELONA GÓRA – TWO CASE STUDIES
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article presents two case studies of investigation carried out on plots of land, intended for multi-family residential development, lying on a former lignite mining area in Zielona Gora. It was underground mining, operating in the years 1840-1948. Lignite deposits were extracted with the room and pillar method, i.e. with an overlayer collapse, causing deformations on the surface of the ground. In the first case study, there was no detailed mining data. In order to identify the geological structure under the planned seven-floor multi-family building, seismic surveys were performed with the technique of multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). Three seismic profiles were performed. They revealed the presence of several zones where S-waves had smaller velocity values. In order to verify whether the zones with the smaller values of velocity correspond to e.g. lower soil density resulting from collapsed exploitation room, some drillings were undertaken to the depth indicated in geophysical investigation. Additionally, the CPT and dynamic probing were also performed. The data obtained allowed to determine the soil parameters necessary for the safe design and foundation of the building. In the second case study, a historical mining map with the marked location of the shaft and the main galleries was used. Formerly, geological and engineering documentation for construction works had been prepared, based on 30-meter drillings and soundings with a heavy probe. The mining maps and the contemporary maps were mapped one on another carefully and accurately, calibrated with historic buildings. Thus, the accuracy of 5 m was obtained. Additionally, investigation with the MASW technique was performed. Ten seismic profiles were performed, and then verified by drillings. Also, dynamic probing in the vicinity of the expected location of the shaft was performed. Neither the MASW investigation nor the dynamic probing did not reveal any alterations in the soil condition, which would suggest the presence of the properly liquidated shaft. Thus, based exclusively on the cartographic material, the area comprising the liquidated and backfilled shaft was established. The area was excluded from the plans for the intended building erection.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it