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Effect of natalizumab on disease progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (ASCEND): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label extension
Raju Kapoor, Pei‐Ran Ho, Nolan Campbell, Ih Chang, Aaron Deykin, Fiona Forrestal, Nisha Lucas, Bei Yu, Douglas L. Arnold, Mark S. Freedman, Myla Goldman, Hans-Peter Hartung, Eva Havrdová, Douglas Jeffery, A Miller, Finn Sellebjerg, Diego Cadavid, Dan Mikol, Deborah Steiner, E Bartholomé, Marie D’hooghe, Massimo Pandolfo, Bart Van Wijmeersch, Virender Bhan, Gregg Blevins, Donald Brunet, Virginia Devonshire, Pierre Duquette, François Grand’Maison, François Jacques, Yves Lapierre, Liesly Lee, Sarah A. Morrow, Michael Yeung, Michal Dufek, Petr Kaňovský, Ivana Štětkářová, Marika Talábová, Jette Lautrup Frederiksen, Matthias Kant, Thor Petersen, Mads Ravnborg, Laura Airas, Irina Elovaara, Juha-Pekka Erälinna, Taneli Sarasoja, Abdullatif Al Khedr, David Brassat, Bruno Brochet, William Camu, Marc Debouverie, David Laplaud, Christine Lebrun‐Frénay, Jean Pelletier, Patrick Vermersch, Sandra Vukusi, Karl Baum, Achim Berthele, Juergen Faiss, Peter Flachenecker, Reinhard Hohlfeld, Markus Krumbholz, Christoph Lassek, Sven G. Meuth, Tjalf Ziemssen, Orla Hardiman, Christopher McGuigan, Anat Achiron, Dimitrios Karussis, Roberto Bergamaschi, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Giancarlo Comi, Salvatore Cottone, Luigi M.E. Grimaldi, Luca Massacesi, Ugo Nocentini, Marco Salvetti, Elio Scarpini, Patrizia Sola, Gioacchino Tedeschi, María Trojano, Mauro Zaffaroni, Stephan Frequin, Raymond Hupperts, Joep Killestein, Hans M. Schrijver, Ronald Van Dijl, Erik van Munster, Maciej Czarnecki, Wiesław Drozdowski, Waldemar Fryze, Hanka Hertmanowska, Jan Ilkowski, Anna Kamińska, Gabriela Kłodowska-Duda, Maciej Maciejowski, Ewa Motta, Ryszard Podemski, Andrzej Potemkowski, Teresa Róg, Krzysztof Selmaj, Z Stelmasiak, Adam Stępień, Andrzej Tutaj, Jacek Zaborski, Alexey Boyко, Zanna Chefranova, Evgeny Evdoshenko, Ф. А. Хабиров, С А Сиверцева, E Z Yakupov, José Carlos Álvarez Cermeño, Antonio Escartín, Óscar Fernández Fernández, Antonio Garcı́a-Merino, Miguel Ángel Hernández Pérez, Guillermo Izquierdo Ayuso, José Meca Lallana, Celia Oreja‐Guevara, Albert Saiz Hinarejos, Martin Gunnarsson, Jan Lycke, Claes Martin, Fredrik Piehl, Homayoun Roshanisefat, Peter Sundström, Martin Duddy, Bruno Gran, Timothy Harrower, Jeremy Hobart, Martin L. Lee, Paul Mattison, Richard Nicholas, Owen Pearson, Waqar Rashid, David Rog, Basil Sharrack, Eli Silber, Ben Turner, Anna Williams, John Woolmore, Carolyn Young, Daniel S. Bandari, Joseph R. Berger, Ann Camac, Stanley Cohan, Jill Ker Conway, Keith R. Edwards, Michelle Fabian, Jack Florin, Steven Freedman, Dennis Garwacki, Daniel M. Harrison, Craig Herrman, DeRen Huang, Adil Javed, Stephen Kamin, George Katsamakis, Bhupendra Khatri, Annette Langer-Gould, Sharon Lynch, David H. Mattson, Tamara Miller, Augusto Miravalle, Harold Moses, Suraj Muley, James Napier, A. Scott Nielsen, Andrew R. Pachner, Gabriel Pardo, MaryAnn Picone, Derrick Robertson, Walter Royal, Christopher A. Sheppard, Ben Thrower, Cary Twyman, Emmanuelle Waubant, Jeanette Wendt, Vijayshree Yadav, Rana Zabad, Greg Zarelli
Bibliographic record
VenueThe Lancet Neurology · 2018
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicMultiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Canadian institutionsOttawa HospitalNeuroRx Research (Canada)University of OttawaMontreal Neurological Institute and Hospital
FundersActelion PharmaceuticalsGenentechAcorda TherapeuticsCelgeneBiogenSanofi GenzymeAmerican Academy of NeurologyBayer HealthCareSanofiNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeTeva Pharmaceutical IndustriesNovartis PharmaEMD SeronoMinistry of EducationNovartisChugai PharmaceuticalRocheGenzymePfizerAmgenMedDay PharmaceuticalsNational Multiple Sclerosis Society
KeywordsNatalizumabMultiple sclerosisOpen labelMedicinePlaceboDouble blindDiseaseClinical trialInternal medicinePathologyAlternative medicineImmunology
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Randomized trial · Consensus signal: Randomized trial
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.006
Threshold uncertainty score0.022
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.113
GPT teacher head0.411
Teacher spread0.298 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designRandomized trial
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations337
Published2018
Admission routes1
Has abstractno