Induced fabric anisotropy of granular materials in biaxial tests along imposed strain paths
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In granular materials, loading on an initially isotopic assembly usually induces particle rearrangement, and this is referred to as the induced anisotropy of fabric. A series of biaxial tests are conducted along various strain paths using DEM to investigate the evolution of the induced anisotropy. The evolution of both the overall contact network and the sub-networks (the strong and weak) are examined separately. Results of DEM simulations indicate that the evolution of the fabric deviator in the overall contact network can be described as a power function of the stress ratio prior to the peak stress ratio that depends on the imposed dilation rate. A unique fabric-stress relation is obtained for the strong sub-network, which is independent of the strain path, the initial porosity and the confining pressure. Moreover, deformation instability is observed only along dilatant strain paths, which can be related to the degradation or even collapse of a weak sub-network, even though the strong sub-network dominates the strength of the granular assembly.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".