Comparative tomographic study of the maxillary central incisor collum angle between Class I, Class II, division 1 and 2 patients
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: It has been reported that Class II, division 2 maxillary central incisors frequently demonstrate increased collum angles, which indicates an excessive palatal “bend” of the crown. However, evidence supporting such observation is mostly derived from radiographic studies. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the collum angle of maxillary central incisors in Class I, Class II, division 1, and Class II, division 2 cases using cone-beam computed tomography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight consecutive orthodontic cases (16 Class I, 16 Class II, division 1, and 16 Class II, division 2 malocclusion) with cone-beam computed tomography as part of their initial diagnostic records were evaluated. Cross-sections including maxillary right and left central incisors were used to calculate the angulation between the crown and root long axes (collum angle). Comparisons between groups were performed using analysis of variance for multiple and post-hoc Tukey for paired analyses. RESULTS: Mean collum angle observed in Class II, division 2 cases was significantly larger (5.2 ± 1.3°) than the ones obtained for Class I (1.1 ± 4.2°) (P = 0.034) or Class II, division 1 cases (0.1 ± 0.7°) (P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that Class II, division 2 individuals demonstrate accentuated lingual inclination of the maxillary central incisor crown compared to the other types of malocclusion studied here. Such morphological feature indicates the need for better tooth movement planning, especially in regard to root palatal torqueing of the maxillary central incisors.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it