Nanosecond pulse electroporation of biological cells: The effect of membrane dielectric relaxation
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nanosecond pulse electroporation of biological cells is gaining significant interest due to its ability to influence intracellular structures. In nanosecond pulse electroporation of biological cells nanosecond duration pulses with high frequency spectral content are applied to the cell. In this research we show that accurate modeling of the nanosecond pulse electroporation process requires considering the effect of the membrane dielectric relaxation on the electric potential across the membrane. We describe the dielectric relaxation of the membrane as dispersion in the time-domain and incorporate it into the nonlinear asymptotic model of electroporation. Our nonlinear dispersive model of a biological cell is solved using finite element method in 3-D space enabling arbitrary cell structures and internal organelles to be modeled. The simulation results demonstrate two essential differences between dispersive and non-dispersive membrane models: the process of electroporation occurs faster when the membrane dispersion is considered, and the minimum required electric field to electroporate the cell is significantly reduced for the dispersive model.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it