Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles impregnated on activated carbon using <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaves extract for the removal of nitrates from water
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The present work aims at impregnating copper oxide nanoparticles (Cu NPs) on activated carbon by means of green synthesis with Moringa oleifera leaf extract to develop a material to remove contaminants from water. The produced materials were characterized by means of their textural (specific surface area), morphological (Transmission Electron Microscopy), and structural (X‐ray Diffraction) properties. Particles size was estimated by Scherrer equation and the elemental copper concentrations were estimated by Total Reflection X‐ray Fluorescence (TXRF). Adsorption experiments, as well as pH, kinetics, and adsorption isotherms studies were carried out with the intent of evaluating the efficiency of nitrate (NO 3 ‐ ) removal from water. The impregnation efficiency of Cu NPs on activated carbon after the adsorption process was measured by means of TXRF analyses. Characterization results confirmed the formation, impregnation, and stability of copper oxide nanoparticles supported on activated carbon, whose crystallite average size ranged between 6 and 61 nm. The proposed method for the nanoparticles synthesis and impregnation were demonstrated to be simple and eco‐friendly. Impregnated carbons presented significant nitrate removal (about 60 %) thus indicating their potential application in water treatment.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it