Osteopontin is essential for IL‐1β production and apoptosis in peri‐implantitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Peri-implantitis is caused by a cascade of host and microbial factors leading to an oral inflammatory disease. The inflammation proliferates into supporting tissues surrounding implants and may finally lead to a complete loss of osseointegration. Being a phosphorylated glycoprotein secreted by immunocompetent cells, osteopontin (OPN) is involved in the differentiation of odontoblast-like cells during pulpal healing following tooth transplantation and the secretion of type I collagen in reparative dentin. But the production and function of OPN in peri-implantitis has not been thoroughly evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was collected from 28 healthy implants patients and 28 peri-implantitis patients to determine the expression of OPN in response to the inflammation of peri-implantitis by Western-blot, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence staining. THP-1 macrophages infected by Porphyromonas gingivalis were chosen to reveal the production and function of OPN in peri-implantitis by immunofluorescence staining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western-blot. RESULTS: Results showed that OPN increased in most PICF of peri-implantitis patients and in THP-1 macrophages stimulated with P. gingivalis. The expression of OPN in response to P. gingivalis decreased at mRNA and protein levels when exposed to either the lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) neutralizing antibody or inhibitor pretreatment in THP-1 macrophages. P. gingivalis induces OPN through the Erk1/2 MAPK dependent pathway. OPN neutralization decreased interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) expression on P. gingivalis infection, and the lower IL-1β mRNA and protein levels were rescued by human osteopontin recombinant protein (rhOPN) in THP-1 macrophages. RhOPN suppressed P. gingivalis induced apoptosis of the mitochondrial pathway in THP-1 macrophage. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results of this study provide insight into the essential roles of OPN for IL-1β production and apoptosis in peri-implantitis, as supported by the evidence from the study of patient's PICF and cell culture experiments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".