The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Opportunities and Challenges
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Abstract
The fourth industrial revolution, a term coined by Klaus Schwab, founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, describes a world where individuals move between digital domains and offline reality with the use of connected technology to enable and manage their lives. (Miller 2015, 3) The first industrial revolution changed our lives and economy from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing. Oil and electricity facilitated mass production in the second industrial revolution. In the third industrial revolution, information technology was used to automate production. Although each industrial revolution is often considered a separate event, together they can be better understood as a series of events building upon innovations of the previous revolution and leading to more advanced forms of production. This article discusses the major features of the four industrial revolutions, the opportunities of the fourth industrial revolution, and the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- International Journal of Financial Research
- Topic
- Digital Transformation in Industry
- Field
- Engineering
- Canadian institutions
- —
- Funders
- —
- Keywords
- Industrial RevolutionInformation revolutionAgrarian societySteam engineIndustrial productionDigital RevolutionAgricultural revolutionMillerTechnological revolutionProduction (economics)EconomyBusinessEngineeringEconomicsPolitical scienceHistoryAgricultureTelecommunicationsLaw
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes