Amplitude-modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields target hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells through activation of Cav 3.2 T-type calcium channels.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
332 Background: Amplitude-modulated 27.12 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (AM RF EMF) delivered via a spoon-shaped antenna placed on the patient’s tongue result in shrinkage of the primary and metastatic tumors in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (Costa FP, et al. Br J Cancer. 2011;105:640-648.) The mechanism by which AM RF EMF have direct antiproliferative effect and disruption of the mitotic spindle on cancer cells is largely unknown. (Zimmerman JW, et al. Br J Cancer. 2012;106:307-313.) Methods: We assessed the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) level and distribution inside the human body. In vitro experiments with HCC cells were performed as previously described (Zimmerman). Immunodeficient mice were subcutaneously implanted with Huh-7 HCC cells or patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Mice were exposed to HCC-specific AM RF EMF using systems replicating human exposure levels and treatment duration. Tumor samples were examined for EMT and cell cycle markers. Results: Intrabuccal delivery results in whole-body absorption of AM RF EMF. Proliferation of hepatitis B positive and negative cell lines as well as HCC cancer stem cells (CSCs) are blocked by AM RF EMF through Cav 3.2 T-type voltage gated calcium channels (VGCC). Proliferation of HCC is inhibited in vivo and tumor shrinkage occurs by dedifferentiation of HCC cells into quiescent myofibroblasts while the growth of intestinal and blood marrow cells is unaltered. Conclusions: Whole-body SAR ranges from 0.2 to 1 mW/kg and is significantly below the international safety limits for human exposure. Intrabucally-administered AM RF EMF is a novel targeted therapy for systemic treatment of advanced HCC with minimal off target effects. Inhibition of HCC CSCs may explain the extremely long term survival (>5 years) of several patients with advanced HCC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".