Incidence and predictors of sudden cardiac death after heart transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an important post-transplant problem being responsible for ~10% of deaths. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate incidence and predictors of post-heart transplant SCD and the use of implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD). METHODS: Citations were identified in electronic databases and references of included studies. Observational studies on adults reporting on incidence and predictors of post-transplant SCD and ICD use were selected. We meta-analyzed SCD in person-years using random effects models. We qualitatively summarized predictors. RESULTS: This study includes 55 studies encompassing 47 901 recipients. The pooled incidence rate of SCD was 1.30 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 1.08-1.52). Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) was associated with higher SCD risk (2.40 per 100 patient-years, 95% CI: 1.46-3.34). Independent predictors of SCD identified by two moderate-quality studies were older donor age, younger recipient age, non-Caucasian race, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, rejection, infection, and cancer. Authors rarely reported on ICD use. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis found that post-transplant SCD risk in heart transplant recipients is higher than that in the general population. CAV was associated with increased SCD risk. Observational studies reporting on absolute risk of SCD are needed to better identify populations at a clinically significant increased risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".