Bias-sensitive crossed-electrode relaxor 2D arrays for 3D photoacoustic imaging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We introduce novel bias-sensitive piezoelectric transducer (relaxor) arrays for 3D photoacoustic imaging. A 64×64 element relaxor array using a crossed electrode or Top-Orthogonal to Bottom-Electrode (TOBE) wiring configuration is used to receive photoacoustic data from two crossed wires with 17.8 um diameters in an intralipid medium. A 3D image was then reconstructed. By biasing a column and receiving along a row, individual elements can be isolated for readout of signals from all elements using bias-switching-based multiplexing. We demonstrate a reconstruction technique called Hadamard-bias encoding with dynamic receive beamforming in which, rather than using a single column to index an array element, multiple columns are biased simultaneously allowing for more receiving elements and substantially improved SNR. Ongoing work will investigate in vivo imaging. The proposed arrays represent a new paradigm for 3D photoacoustic imaging.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".