Opening a window on the past: paleo-horizons across Pleistocene and Holocene. Madonna della Grotta, Praia a Mare, Southern Italy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify and characterize three paleo-horizons along a stratigraphic succession embracing sediments from Paleolithic to historic that has been preserved inside a grotto close to the Tyrrhenian Sea in southern Italy. The studied paleo-horizons date back to the transition period between Pleistocene and Holocene, when swift alternations of cold and warm phases profoundly altered the range dynamics of many organisms, including salmonids like Salmo trutta and, consequently, the behavior of the humans that occupied the grotto. Morphological observations and preliminary analysis were run to assess if the paleo-horizons preserved information of the human modified behavior. Results confirmed that one of the three paleo-horizons (Bud horizon, dating back to 10,300 cal YBP) had a strongly affected anthropic origin as it contains the rests of terrestrial (mammals, birds, and snails) and sea food (Salmo trutta and Patella spp.), and showed a hard compaction acquired via hydroconsolidation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".