F219. NOVEL OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF ACTIVITY ENGAGEMENT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA USING WIRELESS MOTION CAPTURE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Amotivation and reduced engagement in goal-directed activities are prominent features of schizophrenia. Previous investigations of patients’ engagement in activities have largely relied on accounts of daily living activities rather than objective task-based measures. The current study used wireless motion capture in an open-field setting to evaluate activity preference when individuals are provided an explicit choice between an active engagement option versus a passive engagement option. Twenty stable adult outpatients with schizophrenia and twenty matched healthy controls completed the Activity Preference Task, in which participants play a physical motion-based video game (active engagement) or watch a film (passive engagement) for fifteen minutes. No incentive was associated with either activity, and participants could engage in either activity at any time. Duration of engagement on the active option and number of switches between activity options were computed as the primary task outcome measures using objective motion data. Participants’ behaviour during active engagement was further quantified by computation of physical intensity (average hand speed) and persistence (tendency for sustained continuous engagement). Clinical assessments of positive and negative symptoms, apathy, cognition, depression, medication side-effects, motor ability, and community functioning were also administered. Schizophrenia participants’ duration, intensity, and persistence of active engagement were correlated with apathy (|ρ|=0.72–0.79, p<0.01) and community functioning (ρ=0.50–0.67, p<0.05). Although no significant group differences were detected in the individual comparisons of task measures, exploratory cluster analysis based on the two primary task measures identified three clusters of individuals with distinct profiles of engagement intensity (F(2,36)=9.141, p<0.001) and persistence (F(2,36)=13.954, p<0.001), and clinical apathy (F(2,37)=4.183, p=0.023). Further, there were significant diagnostic group by cluster assignment interaction effects for engagement intensity (F(2,33)=4.551, p=0.018) and apathy (F(2,34)=3.445, p=0.043) that highlighted substantial behavioural heterogeneity specific to schizophrenia; these interaction effects appeared to be driven primarily by a subgroup of patients who exhibited reduced engagement and increased apathy compared to individuals in other clusters as well as within-cluster healthy control counterparts. The Activity Preference Task provides a means of quantifying activity engagement in schizophrenia, which may be particularly valuable given the lack of objective assessments that measure non-incentivized, intrinsically motivated behaviours. Our initial findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia as a group are equally inclined as healthy individuals towards actively engaging activities when presented an explicit choice, but provision of such opportunities may be insufficient for amotivated patients to initiate and maintain engagement in functional behaviours.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".