Interaction of Femtosecond Pulses with Transparent Media for Application of Corneal Microsurgery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Femtosecond (10-15s) lasers are used for high precision microsurgery because energy deposition of ultrashort pulses occurs with minimal heat transfer and damages. Consequently, potential applications of femtosecond lasers to corneal surgery are very promising. The INRS Ti:Sapphire laser was used for investigation of the ablation threshold (which is the minimal energy per unit surface to create damage) of freshly enucleated pig eyes and hydrogel buttons. The laser pulse was focused using different lenses, with focal lengths from 125 mm to 30 mm, on the surface of the sample. A silicon photodiode with appropriate filters to cut-off the laser fundamental wavelength was placed in front of the sample to collect the integrated optical signal emitted from electron ionization and recombination in the plasma. For pulse duration of 200 fs, the ablation thresholds of three corneal layers, the endothelium, epithelium and stroma, were found to be nearly the same and increased with the pulse duration. The integrated optical signal was found to be strongly affected by the hydratation level during the experimentation; which infers that the ablation threshold change with corneal dehydratation. On another hand, for energy values in the same range but longer pulse duration (270 ps), small cavities were induced under the surface of hydrogel instead of the surface limited damage induced by 200 fs pulses. Results will be compared to theoretical calculation for light-cornea interaction using a model developed at INRS. These experiments constitute an initial step toward the development of a new type of high precision surgical tool for corneal microsurgery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".