Efficacy of class IV diode laser on pain and dysfunction in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-control trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of class IV diode laser on knee pain and functions in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Fifty patients with a mean±SD) age of 55.68±8.88 years, height of 173.84± 4.946 cm, weight of 83.86±5.28 kg, and BMI of 27.78±1.89 kg/cm 2 were randomly assigned equally into two groups (25 patients in each group). Group I received a multiwave locked system laser plus exercises and group II received placebo laser plus exercises three times weekly for 4 weeks. Exercise program was applied for both groups three times weekly for 4 weeks. The exercises included range of motion, stretching, isometric, and isotonic resisted exercises to the quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale and knee function by using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index of Osteoarthritis (WOMAC). Statistical analyses were performed to compare differences between baseline and post-treatment results for both groups. Visual analog scale and WOMAC were significantly decreased in both groups after 4 weeks of treatment, with a more significant decrease gained in group I (P>0.0001). Class IV diode laser combined with exercise was more effective than exercise alone in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Multiwave locked system laser combined with exercise effectively decreased pain and WOMAC as compared with the placebo laser plus exercises group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".