Dried beans lower cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin while peas lower blood pressure in adults with mild hypercholesterolemia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pulses (dried beans, peas, lentils and chickpeas) are healthy foods yet are not regularly consumed in the typical North American diet. Recent meta‐analyses indicate that pulses are effective for lowering blood cholesterol and blood pressure and for glycemic control. Many of these studies have been conducted with beans and there is a relative absence of studies using dried peas. The objective of this multi‐site randomized clinical trial was to compare the effects of consuming foods containing Beans or Peas to Rice (control) on blood cholesterol, glycemia and blood pressure in men and women with mild hypercholesterolemia but not taking any cholesterol‐or glucose‐lowering medications. Participants (n=180, 20–75 years old) consumed the study foods (a selection of 5 items containing 120 g beans or peas or rice per serving) five times per week for 6 weeks as part of their usual diet; the rest of the diet was self‐selected. The study foods were provided frozen and contained either Beans (black, great northern, pinto, navy, mixture of all 4), Peas (yellow, green, mixture of both) or white Rice. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline and 6 weeks. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA. Participants had a body mass index in the overweight range (~28 kg/m 2 ), mildly elevated LDL‐cholesterol and total cholesterol (~3.8 and ~5.9 mmol/L, respectively), slightly elevated systolic blood pressure (~128/76 mmHg), but fasting glucose (~5.2 mmol/L) and glycated hemoglobin (~5.6%) within normal ranges. Consumption of the study foods for 6 weeks did not alter anthropometric measurements (body mass index, waist or hip circumference). After 6 weeks, the Beans group, but not the Peas group, had significantly lower LDL‐cholesterol (P=0.14) and total cholesterol (P=0.14) compared to the Rice group. Although fasting blood glucose and insulin were unchanged, the Beans group, but not the Peas group, had significantly lower glycated hemoglobin (P=0.05) compared to the Rice group. In contrast, systolic blood pressure was reduced (P=0.05) and there was a trend for lower diastolic pressure (P=0.097) in the Peas, but not the Beans group. In conclusion, regular consumption of pulses in amounts consistent with a food guide serving improved cardiovascular risk factors in people with mild hypercholesterolemia. However, pulse type was important as Beans lowered cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin whereas Peas lowered systolic blood pressure. The benefits for glycemia and blood pressure management were observed in individuals with normal glycated hemoglobin and blood pressure considered prehypertensive. Regular consumption of a mixture of pulses holds promise as a food‐based approach for reducing risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Support or Funding Information Alberta Innovates BioSolutions and Alberta Pulse Growers
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".