S118. CAN THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYNDROME SCALE (PANSS) DIFFERENTIATE REFRACTORY FROM NON-REFRACTORY SCHIZOPHRENIA? A FACTOR ANALYTIC INVESTIGATION BASED ON DATA FROM THE PATTERN COHORT STUDY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia (TRS) and Non-Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia (NTRS) may represent different biological subtypes of schizophrenia but there are few studies which investigated the distinction between these groups in terms of psychopathology. In the present study, we used both Exploratory (EFA) and Confirmatory (CFA) Factor Analyses to investigate symptom dimensions in TRS in comparison with NTRS using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Data from 1429 patients who participated in the PATTERN study a Non- Intervention Prospective Study of Patients with Persistent Symptoms of Schizophrenia) was used. TRS was defined by proxy, based on the use of clozapine (TRS) whereas NTRS used non-clozapine antipsychotics (NTRS). EFA methods included the extraction of principal components and the Varimax rotation. The number of factors was chosen based on the Kaiser criterion. Factors items were considered valid when loadings were greater or equal to 0.5. The fit to the data was evaluated by CFA in comparison with well established PANSS models using fit indexes such as: NNFI (Non-Normed Fit Index), NFI (Normed fit Index), CFI (Comparative Fit Index), RMEA (Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation). SPSS 23.0 and R version 3.2.2 were used for statistical analyses. Demographic data showed that, when compared with NTRS, patients with TRS showed an earlier age of onset, a longer duration of illness, higher PANSS positive scores, a higher duration of persistent positive and negative symptoms. There were no differences between groups in terms of the duration of untreated psychosis. The EFA yielded almost the same five-factor structure in both groups namely Negative, Positive, Affective, Disorganized/Cognitive and Excitation factors. CFA showed that both models do not fit completely to the data when compared with well known PANSS factor analytical models. Data from a large cross-national sample of 1429 patients of the Pattern study showed that TRS and NTRS patients have an almost identical factor structure when evaluated by the PANSS. These results are similar to a previous study with a smaller sample which has evaluated the dimensions of the PANSS in patients with refractory schizophrenia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".