Effects of natal water concentration and temperature on the behaviour of up-river migrating sockeye salmon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Impoundments and diversions in freshwater corridors can alter the availability and concentration of natal water cues that migratory salmon rely on to guide homing during spawning migrations, although this has rarely been examined. By combining radiotelemetry and noninvasive biopsy, we provide the first detailed account of the effects of varying natal water concentrations, temperature, and individual physiology on the homing behaviour of wild adult Pacific salmon migrating through a regulated river. Most (89%) of the 346 sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from the two distinct populations tracked in this study in southwestern British Columbia (Canada) delayed their migration in the outlet of a powerhouse that discharges strong concentrations of natal lake water and subsequently wandered in the Fraser River before continuing upstream into the Seton River, where natal water cues can also vary. There were few associations between metabolic stress indices and reproductive hormone levels with this behaviour in either population; however, higher temperatures and elevated natal water concentrations in the Seton River were associated with shorter powerhouse delays and less wandering in late-run migrants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".