INTERPRETATION OF ICE-MARGINAL HYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS BASED ON SEDIMENT PRESERVATION IN CLARKSVILLE CAVE; EAST-CENTRAL NEW YORK STATE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Quaternary sediments in Clarksville Cave , in Albany County , NY (228m to 203m msl), permit interpretation of ice marginal mechanisms of flow transport and deposition. Sediments faithfully record Wisconsinan subglacial , proglacial and climatic conditions. Major cave development occurred beneath warm-based ice, an analogue to alpine Castleguard Cave in Canada. Subglacial meltwater s dissolutionally -enlarged joints and steeply-dipping fault planes (~14SE to 32SE) within Devonian Onondaga limestone. Within 60m of water inlet points and shafts, vadose flow was forced southward along a strike-oriented 14m 2 master conduit largely situated within a thrust zone, down thrown against impermeable Schoharie sandstone . During glacial retreat , sediment and erratic cobble influx occurred through now relict conduits (at least 17) either under subglacial or , more likely , proglacial conditions . The short distance between sediment influx points and the master conduit allow int erpretation of hydrologic conditions during deposition because little sediment redistribution occurred. Sediment " marker beds " are traceable throughout the cave, indicating contemporaneous sediment and cobble inputs via braided streams , alternating between glacier ice-proximal and distal zones. Initial deposition of finely laminated lake clays and silts occurred in a clean, nearly sediment -free, cave situated near and back -flooded behind a proglacial lake (within 60m; 218m msl ). Above basal glaciolacustrine sediments, a sequence of subaqueous , pebble-cobble, debris flow diamictons are punctuated by stratified and graded gravels, sands, silts, and clays (11 cycle minimum with quiescent periods ) that once fill ed the cave to the ceiling. An upper subaqueous turbulent underflow deposit (yellow silts and clays) with climbing ripples provides an important marker throughout the cave. Above this, a calcite-coated, pebblerich, debris flow that truncates a glacier-fed delta deposit in McNab Hall and massive ceiling collapses atop stratified sediments, provid e evidence of a short -lived glacial readvance before retreat and later sediment excavation by a cave stream. Clarksville Cave provides a unique and exceptional setting for examination of episodic and seasonal glacial outflows close to the source.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".