"Zebros and elosphants": Images of Blacks in Natural History Adventure-Empire Tales Read by Young People in Wellington County, Ontario, 1880-1890
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Resume: Cet article examine quatre recits d'aventures pour la jeunesse du XIXe siecle traitant des sciences naturelles, que l'on a lus aux enfants du comte de Wellington, en Ontario, dans les annees 1880-1890. Ces aventures d'explorateurs-naturalistes pronaient l'expansion de l'Empire britannique en Afrique; elles laissaient entendre que les Noirs qui aidaient les heros etaient inferieurs aux Blancs. Summary: This article examines four nineteenth-century children's stories dealing with natural sciences that were read to schoolchildren in Wellington County, Ontario, between 1880 and 1890. The adventures of explorers and naturalists championed the goals of the British Empire in Africa. They also gave readers the impression that the native Africans who assisted the heroes were inferior to White People.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.026 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".