Groundwater Remediation and Protection at an Underground LeachOperation at Königstein, Germany
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1963, the Königstein deposit was discovered in Upper Cretaceous sandstones of the Elbe rift valley southwest of Dresden (Germany).A total rock volume of some 9 million cubic metres including about 5 million cubic metres of ore was mined in a depth of 200 to 300 m using first by conventional mining, followed by an underground block leaching method as a response to decreasing ore grades.Leaching of the ore was performed with a sulphuric acid liquor.By 1990, more than 55 million tonnes of sandstone had come into contact with the leach liquor at the end of production in 1990, resulting in a dramatic change of hydrogeochemical conditions in the ore bearing sandstone aquifer.Uncontrolled flooding of the mine would have allowed the residual acid, uranium and other metals to rise from the deposit to the overlying aquifer an to the Elbe river.For this background the concept of controlled flooding as developed and successfully applied.The paper describes the remediation strategy, which allows a continuous washing out of soluble contaminates, but also the long term an high cost character of remediation of a leached aquifer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".