Understanding the environmental influence of anthropogenic and natural climate forcing on Hamilton Inlet and Lake Melville, Labrador
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, there has been growing interest in the climate variability in Newfoundland \nand Labrador and its impact on the environment. The warming temperature \ntrend in the past two decades has driven changes in the ice thickness and characteristics \nof surface inland and coastal ocean waters. In the Hamilton Inlet, these \nchanges are superimposed on the impact of hydroelectric development in Churchill \nRiver. Studies of the characteristics of regional climate change and anthropogenic factors \nare essential for understanding the environmental response. The main objective \nof this study is to assess the characteristics of climate variability and anthropogenic \nimpact of recent hydroelectric development in Labrador. \nThe method of the study is based on statistical analysis of observations of atmospheric \nand river flow characteristics. Decadal shifts in the distributions of the \ntemperature in Newfoundland and Labrador are determined by using Kernel Density \nestimator. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s methods are then \napplied then to determine the magnitude and significance of the trends. \nThe first part of the study is focused on characteristics of seasonal, interannual and \ndecadal variability of atmospheric temperature, precipitation, rain, snow and wind \nspeed, and their spatial variations. We found in particular, that the multidecadal \ntrend of atmospheric temperature was negative between 1970 and 1993 and changed \nto positive in the following period. The magnitude of this trend and its spatial \nvariation across the province is assessed. \nThe second part of the study presents results from an analysis of extremes of \nregional climate characteristics. Climate extremes are identified by calculating the 90th/10th percentiles of minimum and maximum daily temperature, which correspond \nto extreme warm/cold events; the 90th percentile was also calculated for total \nprecipitation, snow and rain, to study extreme precipitation events. \nThe final part of the study examines the relationship between climate indices \nand river discharge in Churchill River in Labrador. Here, river discharge volume is \nanalyzed in the context of different climate conditions, before and after hydroelectric \ndevelopment in upper Churchill River.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".