Persistent organic pollutants in white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) near a magnesium smelter: Spatial distribution and human health risk assessment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A magnesium refining facility in Quebec was a known point source of persistent organic pollutants namely polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins and furans, and hexachlorobenzene. Contaminants concentrations were measured in the fat tissue of local white-tailed deer with the assistance of the local community and hunters. Concentrations in the deer from 1999, one year before the smelter opened, were compared with deer from 2002. Results showed a significant increase in PCBs from 1999 to 2002, and total PCB concentrations showed significant decreases with distance from the smelter. Many of the mid-range PCB homologues that bioconcentrate sharply in deer showed similar relationships. Sigmacoplanar PCBs and Cytochrome P450 1A expression in liver also showed a significant inverse relationship with distance in 2002. Results of a human health risk assessment indicated that the number of deer meal portions required to exceed safe consumption levels for PCDD/Fs and coplanar PCBs increased with the distance from the smelter.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".