Passivation of Surface States of AlGaN Nanowires Using H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> Treatment To Enhance the Performance of UV-LEDs and Photoanodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surface states serve as additional charge-carrier-trapping centers and create an energy barrier at the semiconductor–electrolyte interface. This in turn may severely reduce the internal quantum efficiency of Al x Ga 1– x N nanowire ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) and solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of photoelectrodes used in photoelectrochemical water splitting applications. These states also cause Fermi-level pinning and band bending, leading to Shockley–Read–Hall nonradiative recombination. Hence, surface states need to be passivated. In the present study, we used phosphoric acid to passivate the surface states in AlGaN nanowires. The internal quantum efficiency of the near-band-edge emission peak of the chemically treated nanowires was 7%, whereas that of the as-grown nanowires was 3%. Suppression of the oxide layers was achieved, as indicated by the reduced intensity of the O 1s peak. The higher carrier lifetime of 3.2 ns of the treated nanowires compared to the lifetime of 2.6 ns of the as-grown nanowires’ directly evidenced passivation of the surface states. Crystallinity loss at the nanowire edges was caused by strain relaxation, resulting in broadening of the A 1 (LO) AlGaN phonon mode. The experiments and findings could be useful in the fabrication of UV-LEDs and photoelectrodes with improved performance for water splitting applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".