An examination of the heterogeneity in the pattern and association between rates of change in grip strength and global cognition in late life. A multivariate growth mixture modelling approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: previous research has demonstrated how older adults exhibit different patterns of change in cognitive and physical functioning, suggesting differences in the underlying causal processes. Objective: to (i) identify subgroups of older adults that best account for different patterns of longitudinal change in performance on global cognition and grip strength, (ii) examine the interrelationship between global cognition and grip strength trajectories within these subgroups and (iii) identify demographic and health-related markers of class membership. Methods: multivariate growth mixture models (GMM) were used to identify groups of individuals with similar developmental trajectories of muscle strength measured by grip strength, and global cognition measured by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: GMM analyses indicated high, moderate and low functioning groups. Individuals in the high and moderate classes demonstrated better cognitive and physical functioning at the start of the study and less decline than those in the low functioning group. Notably, cognitive performance was related to physical functioning at study entry only among individuals in the low functioning group. Conclusion: the study demonstrates the applicability of the multivariate GMM to achieve a better understanding of the heterogeneity of various aging related processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".