Polymer Composite Optically Integrated Lab on Chip for the Detection of Ammonia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports a novel method to detect ammonia by using the ninhydrin – PDMS composite. The polymer composite film is prepared by integrating ninhydrin into the PDMS polymer matrix. Further, an optical lab-on-a-chip device is developed by integrating the ninhydrin-polymer composite into a microfluidic device for the detection of ammonia. The chemisorption of ammonia onto the composite resulted in the change in its optical absorption property. The proposed device has an integrated light emitting diode and photoresistor in order to measure the change in absorption and hence the detection and quantification of ammonia are performed. The response time of the sensor was found to be linear for a wide range of ammonia concentrations and it is shortest for the thin (100 μm) composite film. The limit of detection of the proposed device is found to be as low as 2ppm. The proposed sensor platform is also demonstrated for the detection of amino acids.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".