Symposium: Bribes without Borders: The Challenge of Fighting Corruption in the Global Context: Introduction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Corruption is one of the world's most pervasive problems, affecting international trade, environmental protection efforts, human rights, national security, access to health care and justice services, economic development, and the legitimacy of governments around the world. Efforts to prevent or reduce corrupt practices have been just as diverse, and have met with varying degrees of success. Legal and policy solutions to the challenge of corruption have proliferated, but relatively recent legal developments such as the United Nations Convention Against Corruption have yet to be tested in practice. In addition, a significant gap continues to exist between laws on paper and implementation of anti-corruption policies in practice.The 2013 American University International Law Review Annual Symposium examined the existing domestic and international frameworks that have been established to fight corruption and explored how these frameworks can be implemented for more effective enforcement. distinguished symposium participants debated the role of the international community in preventing and reducing corruption and discussed strategies for improving public accountability. Legal practitioners explained the challenging experience of prosecuting corruption cases across jurisdictions and with a patchwork of domestic anti-corruption laws. Expert panelists described the current state of stolen asset recovery and other attempts to mitigate the consequences of corruption. Finally, a keynote address entitled The Future of Anti-Corruption was delivered by Robert Leventhal, the Director of the Anticorruption and Governance Initiatives Office in the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement at the U.S. Department of State.This issue of the American University International Law Review contains some of the academic work generated by the discussions at the symposium. In his piece Rethinking the International Anti- Corruption Agenda: Civil Society, Human Rights, and Democracy, John M. Ackerman examines corruption as a symptom of a breakdown in the relationship between society and the state, and considers the implications this conceptualization of corruption should have for anti-corruption programming. Reagan Demas, in his piece Biting the Hands that Feed: Corporate Charity and the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, examines the complexities of corporate donations and corporate social responsibility initiatives in the context of combatting international corruption. Stuart H. Deming provides a critical analysis of Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act as compared to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the UK Bribery Act in Canada's Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act and Secret Commissions Offense. Irma E. Sandoval- Ballesteros, in Rethinking Accountability and Transparency: Breaking the Public Sector Bias, explores the tensions between two growing trends-more transparency and access to information in the public sector, and increased privatization of previously public services-and discusses the consequences for accountability. Finally, Mark V. Vlasic and Peter Atlee explore how the Dodd-Frank Act can serve as a template for developing countries like Myanmar, in their piece Myanmar and the Dodd-Frank Whistleblower 'Bounty': U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Curbing Grand Corruption Through Innovative Action. Together, these five pieces address critical issues of accountability, responsibility, and the deeply entrenched relationship between corruption, economic growth, and political legitimacy in the world's developed and developing states.PANEL 1 AIDING CORRUPTION: THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL DONORS IN PREVENTING AND REDUCING CORRUPTIONOver the last two decades, the World Bank, the IMF, USAID, and many other major donor organizations have conditioned funding on the adoption of anti-corruption policies, or have begun to aggressively implement corruption prevention programs related to their own projects. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".