Design and Synthesis of New Fullerene Derivatives for Organic Solar Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells based on p-type polymers and n-type fullerene derivatives have attracted increasing attention due to their promising potential for providing low–cost solar electricity. In this paper, we will introduce our recent work on the development of new fullerene derivatives. Through Rh complex catalyzed coupling reactions and cycloaddition reactions, we attached several organic functional groups to the fullerene skeleton. It was found that the organic substituents had little impact on the fullerene energy levels. Instead, the organic substituents have huge impact on the other physical properties of the resulting fullerene derivatives, such as solubility, crystallinity, and electron mobility. We designed and synthesized a novel series of alkoxy substituted indene derivatives as solubilizing groups for fullerenes. Preliminary experimental results demonstrated that these 5 alkoxyindene modified C70 derivatives are superior to widely used PC71BM when blended with poly[N-heptadecanyl-2,7 carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'- benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) in BHJ solar cells. The device series resistance decreased from 10 cm2 for the PC71BM based device to 4 cm2 for the 5-methoxyindene-C70 monoadduct based device. As a result, the device fill factor increased from 0.60 to 0.69, and the overall EQE-calibrated power conversion efficiency was enhanced from 5.6% to 6.2%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".