Vine Copulas for Imputation of Monotone Non‐response
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Monotone patterns of non‐response may occur in longitudinal studies. When the measured variables are dependent, it is beneficial to use their joint statistical model to impute the missing values. We propose to use vine copulas to factorise the density of the observed variables into a cascade of bivariate copulas that yield a flexible model of their joint distribution. The structure of the vine depends on the non‐response pattern. We propose a method to select the model, to estimate the parameters of the bivariate copulas of the selected model and to impute using the constructed model. The imputed values are drawn from the conditional distribution of the missing values, given the observed data. We discuss the generalisation of our results to more global non‐response patterns.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.020 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it