SIMULATION OF A ROTATING DEVICE THAT REDUCES THE AERODYNAMIC DRAG OF AN AUTOMOBILE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of the Ahmed body is performed using the k-omega-SST turbulence model implemented in the OpenFOAM (OF) software. The analysis is then modified to include a rotating paddle wheel which captures energy from the swirl that forms behind the vehicle. The rotating wheel is implemented using a General Grid Interface (GGI) in the mesh. Flow energy is captured by the wheel and the power generated by the wheel reaches 16.1 W at optimal conditions. Overall drag reductions of up to 7.6% are also found as side-effects of the rotating paddle wheel. Computations are run in parallel on a dual core computer. A mesh of 30,000 cells is used. Y+ values on the walls of the vehicle range from 60 to 500. Tests are run at both fixed and variable paddle wheel angular velocities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".