Simulating Hydraulic and Mechanical Responses of Unsaturated Expansive Soil Slope to Rainfall: Case Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents simulation results of the performance of an unsaturated expansive soil slope during artificial rainfall events from a field investigation. The field study, conducted on an intake canal of a major water transfer project in Zaoyang, Hubei, China, indicated that the water percolation under rainfall was limited to a near-surface vadose zone, in which substantial changes of the mechanical stress regime and deformation were observed due to the swelling of wetted soils. In this paper, the hydraulic responses of this slope are simulated with a finite-element model, followed by modeling of its mechanical response on wetting using an expanded infinite slope formulation. The soils’ mechanical behavior is described using a Mohr-Coulomb elastoplastic model extended for unsaturated soils. A new elastic moduli equation, which can consider the influence of degree of saturation on nonlinear variations of elastic moduli (E and H) with suction, is proposed to describe the unsaturated soils’ nonlinear deformation behavior in the elastic stage. Incorporating this new model is advantageous for smoothly modeling the transition between saturated and unsaturated states. The simulation results using the infinite slope formulation that incorporates these constitutive relationships are in reasonable agreement with the field observations, highlighting the capability of the expanded infinite slope formulation to interpret the complex response of this expansive soil slope to rainfall infiltration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".