Introduction: Academic freedom in danger: case studies of Turkey, Hungary and Japan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1992, Francis Fukuyama famously predicts the "end of history." His famous thesis states that the installation of capitalist liberal democracy at the end of the Cold War in many parts of the world is the end point of human history. He argues that a democracy provides for harmonious interactions between citizens and the state and satisfies the needs of citizens; therefore, no capitalist democracies should ever see any need to revert back to any type of autocracy. Today, 25 years later, things are less rosy. Capitalist democracies are not the "only game in town" (Sin and Wells 2005). On the contrary, a Freedom House Report (2018) illustrates that roughly 39% of the world population live in a free state; this is only two percentage points more than the world population that lives in autocracies. 1 In addition, 2017 is the 12th consecutive year of a decline of global freedoms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".