Progress in the utilization of focused ultrasound for treatment of the brain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) guided focused ultrasound (FUS) has been shown to be able to safely ablate deep tissues in the brain in clinical settings resulting in reduction in recovery time and complications. Pre-clinical work has demonstrated that FUS energy when combined with micro bubbles(MB) could be used also for image-guided drug delivery into tumours and brain. The preclinical studies have shown significant survival benefits when FUS + MBs has been used to open the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) for large molecular chemotherapy agents, antibodies, and natural killer cells. Effective and safe delivery of nanoparticles and viral vectors has also been shown. This talk will briefly review the physical and engineering aspects related to the clinical FUS + MB exposures. The first ongoing clinical trials investigating the feasibility and safety of FUS + MB enhanced BBB permeability will be reviewed. Finally, the next generation phased array technology and the ultimate clinical potential of the FUS + MBs in brain treatments will be discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".