β-<i>N</i>-Methylamino-<scp>l</scp>-alanine (BMAA) Not Involved in Alzheimer’s Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
β- N-Methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) is a neurotoxic agent implicated in ALS as well as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. It is produced by blue-green algae and could find its way via fish and seafood into the human food supply. Isolation from biological samples yields the compound in monomeric and protein-bound form. It has been suggested that the protein-bound fraction may result from genetic misincorporation into proteins in place of serine. Concomitant misfolding of the mutated proteins may be responsible for the neurological diseases. Recent reports that contradict the misincorporation theory leave unresolved the nature of the protein-bound form of BMAA. We have found from quantum mechanical calculations on model systems that it is possible to bind BMAA with high affinity in a noncovalent fashion to proteins. Because of our interest in Alzheimer's disease, molecular dynamics simulations were applied to search for such binding between BMAA and the β-amyloid peptide and to discover whether replacement of either of its two serine residues could affect its aggregation into neurotoxic oligomers. No stable noncovalently bound complex was found, and it was concluded that incorporation of BMAA in place of serine would not alter the conformational dynamics of the β-amyloid peptide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".