Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vertical Transmitted Adolescents' Brain Functional Changes: Based on Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Perinatal HIV-infected (PHIV+) adolescents survive longer with the use of readily found combination antiretroviral therapy (cART); however, they still have the risk of developing cognitive deficits. The article aims to explore the brain functional changes in asymptomatic PHIV+ adolescents with cART based on the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). rs-fMRI was performed on 20 PHIV+ adolescents and 28 PHIV- controls to evaluate the regional homogeneity (ReHo) in different brain regions by calculating the Kendall harmonious coefficient. Montreal cognitive assessment and laboratory studies (nadir CD4+ T cell counts) were also performed on all the subjects to evaluate their cognitive and immune status. Thirteen PHIV+ adolescents and 22 PHIV- controls were enrolled. There was a significant difference of ReHo values in PHIV+ adolescents compared to PHIV- controls, the areas with increased ReHo values include bilateral precentral/postcentral gyrus and right middle temporal pole. Also, the areas with decreased ReHo values locate in right putamen/pallidum/insula, left caudate/putamen/insula, right superior temporal pole/insula, right caudate/putamen, bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, and left inferior temporal pole. Furthermore, age, cognitive scores, and laboratory studies (nadir CD4+ T cell counts) did not show any significant correlation with altered ReHo values of brain regions neither in PHIV+ groups nor in PHIV- control groups. Among PHIV+ adolescents, brain areas with increased ReHo values were mainly located in the central somatic motor-sensory cortex, which might be related to the compensatory mechanism, whereas brain areas with decreased ReHo values were mainly focused on corticostriatal pathway, which might be associated with abnormal dopamine consumption. Thus, rs-fMRI could demonstrate the brain functional changes in resting state of asymptomatic PHIV+ adolescents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".