Near-infrared light-triggered drug release from UV-responsive diblock copolymer-coated upconversion nanoparticles with high monodispersity
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The preparation of a new near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive nanocarrier for controlled drug release is demonstrated. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were coated with an amphiphilic diblock copolymer through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization, in which the inner block is hydrophobic, ultraviolet (UV)-sensitive poly(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl methacrylate) (PNB), and the outer block is hydrophilic poly(methoxy polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate) (POEG). The resulting polymer/UCNP nanocarrier is thermally stable in water over a wide temperature range (5-70 °C) and is uniform in size (120 nm hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index <0.1). The diblock copolymer self-assembly on the surface of each UCNP occurs in aqueous solution, which allows encapsulation of antitumor drugs like doxorubicin (DOX) by the hydrophobic "micelle-like" core of PNB surrounding the NIR-sensitive UCNP. Under 980 nm laser exposure, the UV light emitted by the single UCNP is absorbed by the PNB inner layer, which results in cleavage of o-nitrobenzyl groups and formation of carboxylic acid groups. The increasing hydrophilicity of the diblock copolymer resulting from the NIR light-triggered photochemical reaction can thus disrupt the nanocarrier and leads to the release of DOX molecules. This diblock copolymer self-assembly-based approach to constructing NIR light-responsive nanocarriers of well-defined structures is general and offers possibilities for photocontrolled drug delivery.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it