Bibliographic record
Abstract
The genus Hamamelis L. (Hamamelidaceae R. Br., the witchhazel family) is represented by about six species distributed across the temperate regions of North America and Asia (Wen and Shi, 1999;Leonard, 2006).Although as many as 15 species are reported (Wiesrma, 2017), such as Hamamelis macrophylla Pursh.and Hamamelis mexicana Standl., morphological and phylogenetic analysis support a monophyletic clade of Hamamelis with six species (Li et al., 2000).Hamamelis species are large shrubs or small trees bearing characteristically narrow, strap-like flower petals and capsulate fruit that co-occur with flower buds and flowers.North American species include Hamamelis vernalis Sarg.(vernal or Ozark witchhazel) which is found in the Ozark Mountains of Oklahoma, Missouri, and Arkansas and in Texas; Hamamelis virginiana L., widely distributed in rich but dry woodlands from southern Canada into the eastern and central United States; and Hamamelis ovalis S.W. Leonard (bigleaf witchhazel), a new species represented by a few populations in Mississippi and Alabama (Leonard, 2006).Hamamelis vernalis is smaller than H. virginiana and is grown as an ornamental plant in U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) hardiness Zones 3-8 (USDA, 2012).It flowers from December to March and has fragrant, orange-red flowers.Hamamelis virginiana is a medium to large shrub producing lemon-yellow flowers from October to December.Hamamelis ovalis is a large-leafed, creeping shrub producing orange-red flowers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.033 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".