Collared Lizard Juveniles Use Caudal Displays while Stalking Prey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Caudal displays that lure or divert the attention of prey are well documented in legless squamates that use sit-and-wait foraging. By contrast, empirical evidence that caudal displays serve to distract prey is lacking in legged lizards. Preliminary observations suggested that juvenile Collared Lizards (Crotaphytus collaris) may give caudal displays when stalking arthropods. Therefore, we conducted field experiments involving introduction of tethered grasshoppers to test whether free-ranging lizards performed more caudal displays when they were stalking prey. Results revealed that lizards performed tail displays more frequently and longer when they were stalking than when not stalking tethered prey. Our results appear to be the first experimental support for the hypothesis that legged lizards use caudal displays when stalking prey, perhaps to distract the attention of prey away from the mouth. Combined with other published results, we demonstrate that caudal displays play a role in both foraging and predator avoidance in juvenile Collared Lizards.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".