Differences between radio-loud and radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsars as revealed by Fermi
Bibliographic record
Abstract
By comparing the properties of non-recycled radio-loud (RL) $\gamma$-ray pulsars and radio-quiet (RQ) $\gamma$-ray pulsars, we have identified the differences between these two populations. We found that the $\gamma$-ray spectral curvatures of RQ pulsars are significantly larger than those of RL pulsars. The distributions of the magnetic field strength at the light cylinder $B_{\rm LC}$ are also found to be different in these two populations. We have also confirmed the previously reported difference of $\gamma$-ray to X-ray flux ratios, though the significance can be hampered by their statistical uncertainties. While positive correlation between $B_{\rm LC}$ and the cutoff energies has been found in the RQ pulsars, such relation is absence in the RL population. In the context of outer gap model, we discuss the expected properties of these two populations and compare with the differences identified in our analysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".