Relative Rise in Sea-level during the Late Holocene at Six Salt Marshes in the Puget Basin, Washington
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Relative sea-level changes during the past several thousand years were determined at six marshes in three areas of the Puget Basin, Washington, to identify sites of vertical crustal movement, to provide data on regional relative sea-level history, and to collect data that may be used to monitor a proposed acceleration in the rate of eustatic sea-level rise due to global warming. Six salt marshes were cored to obtain radiocarbon ages of basal fossil peat deposits. Uncertainty in relating fossil marsh plants to elevations of former sea-levels reflects both the vertical range in which the plants occur today at the six study sites, and the responses of salt marshes to the variations in tidal range that accompany rising sea-levels. Stratigraphic analysis reveals a rise in relative sealevel at all sites. Radiocarbon ages of peat samples indicate a relative sea-level rise of approximately 2-3 ± 0.5 m between 5000 and 3000 years ago and approximately 1 _+ 0.5 m between 3000 and 1000 years ago. Relative sea-level in the Puget Basin has probably not risen more than about 1 m in the past 1000 years. These data correlate with those of previous studies from southeastern Vancouver Island and the Fraser Lowland. No conclusive evidence of either sudden crustal subsidence or differential tilting across the region was found at the six marshes examined, although slow, steady subsidence of the forearc basin of the Cascadia subduction zone may account for some of the apparent eustatic sea-level rise. Differential crustal displacements of more than 1 m have probably not occurred at Padilla Bay in the past 4500 years, at Quilcene Bay in the past 3000 years, and on San Juan Island in the past 800 years. Should an acceleration in the rate of sea-level rise from global warming be in progress, erosion observed at marshes on San Juan Island may represent an early signalj Coastal areas with the greatest vulnerability to an accelerated sea-level rise, however, are in southern and eastern Puget Sound, where larger tidal ranges would register the greatest increases in amplitude, so that the highest tides would reach even higher elevations than those otherwise expected for the predicted sea-level rise.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".