Selected studies on terrestrial vertebrate palaeoichnology of western Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The past quarter century has seen a marked increase in the recognition of fossil vertebrate tracksites in western Canada, primarily in Alberta and British Columbia. Notable new finds include the first record of sauropods in Canada, evidence of herding behavior in tyrannosaurs and ankylosaurs, multiple avian track sites nearly spanning the entire Cretaceous Period, and recognition and description of pathologies from footprints. First discoveries of track specimens from several formations in western Canada include the Mountain Park Member of the Gates Formation in Alberta, and the Boulder Creek, Goodrich, Kaskapau, Cardium and Marshybank formations in northeastern British Columbia. Significant finds continue to be made in the Wapiti Formation in western Alberta near Grande Cache and in northeastern British Columbia. Tracks are virtually unknown from pre-Cretaceous rocks in western Canada, with the only possible exception being the last stage of the Jurassic (Tithonian). The majority of the oldest tracksites are found in and around the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, whereas the younger tracksites are found in the Foothills and Plains of both British Columbia and Alberta. The record of fossil vertebrate tracks in western Canada is important for filling the temporal gaps in known occurrences of terrestrial vertebrates left by a sparse skeletal record. Fossil tracks and trackways can also be used to interpret the behavior, biomechanics and ecology of extinct animals in ways not possible to realize solely from the study of skeletal remains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.018 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".