FEASIBILITY OF COMBINED HEAT AND POWER SYSTEM IN THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT OF SHANGHAI
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As one of the most developed and energy intensive cities in China, the Shanghai’s municipal government tries to make Shanghai one of the leading cities of energy conservation in China. Expanding the use of combined heat and power (CHP) system is the one of the main ways to optimize Shanghai’s energy structure and to protect its environment. This paper aims to analyze the feasibility of introducing CHP in the central business district, in Shanghai, to determine the energy savings, environmental impact and economic efficiency. Three types of energy supply systems are considered: electricity-only system, 2 CHP systems with electric tracking and thermal tracking. Relative to the conventional electricity-only system, the CHP systems are capable of reducing the primary energy consumption by approximately 24% and 4%, CO2 emission by 38% and 11%, respectively. For CHP, although the initial costs are often substantially higher than a conventional system, it is expected to dramatically reduce the cost of running. The result shows if introducing CHP, it only takes approximately 5 years can return the initial investment, in each case. This implies that the introduction of CHP can achieve high profitability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".