0652 Delayed Sleep Time In African Americans And Depression In A Community-Based Population
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experimental studies have suggested a shorter circadian period in African Americans when compared to Non-Hispanic Whites, and suggest racial differences in circadian phase shifting in such experiments. Observational studies that indicate that delayed sleep phase is associated with depression. Whether delayed sleep time is associated with depression in a community-based population and the influence of race on such an association are largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that in a community-based population, the prevalence of delayed sleep time is greater in African Americans when compared to Whites. We also tested the hypothesis that depression is associated with delayed sleep time in a community based population. We analyzed data from the Sleep Heart Health Study, which is a large community-based sample (n=6,441). Self-reported time to fall asleep on weekdays and weekends was available for analysis. Covariates included age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking, apnea-hypopnea index, alcohol, antidepressant medications, and caffeine. Depression was defined based on participant’s response to the question, “In the past 4 weeks have you felt downhearted and blue?” and/or anti-depressants in their medication list. Delayed sleep time was defined as a usual time to fall asleep after midnight. After adjusting for covariates, weekday self-reported time to fall asleep was 26 ± 12 minutes later in African Americans when compared to Non-Hispanic whites (P=0.03). Similarly, weekend time to fall asleep was 27 ± 12 minutes later in African Americans when compared to Non-Hispanic whites (P=0.025). The proportion of individuals with delayed sleep time was greater in African Americans (33.3%) when compared to Non-Hispanic whites (18.7%; P<0.0001). After adjusting for covariates, when compared to Non-Hispanic whites, a greater proportion of African Americans had delayed sleep time (Adjusted Odds Ratio [adjOR] 2.4; 95% Confidence Interval [95%CI] 1.6, 2.6; P<0.0001). Depression was independently associated with delayed sleep time after adjusting for covariates (AdjOR 1.3; 95%CI 1.1, 1.7; P=0.012). African Americans are more likely to experience delayed sleep time when compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. Delayed sleep time was independently associated with depression. U01HL53938.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".