Assessment of pruritus in patients with viral hepatitis B and C
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction.Itching is an unpleasant subjective sensation that leads to scratching.It is a common symptom of skin diseases but may also occur in various systemic diseases.Objective.To assess the prevalence and clinical characteristics of itching accompanying viral hepatitis B (HBV) and/or C (HCV). Material and methods.Screening was performed among 110 persons infected with HBV, HCV or both.A total of 22 (20%) patients aged 25-68 years with pruritus were included for further analysis.The study was based on a questionnaire containing questions about general health, duration of liver disease and its clinical picture, accompanying illnesses, medications and pruritus.Results.In the analyzed group, 9 patients were diagnosed with type B hepatitis, whereas in 13 hepatitis type C was confirmed.The duration of liver disease ranged from 3 to 22 years.In 15 (68.2%) patients liver cirrhosis was documented; 1 (4.5%) patient suffered from hepatocellular carcinoma.The most common site of pruritus was the trunk (n = 13, 59.1%), generalized pruritus was observed in 3 (13.6%)patients.Secondary scratch lesions were found in 14 (63.6%)people.The most common period of pruritus occurrence was the evening and night, whereas pruritus was noted least commonly in the morning.Conclusions.Pruritus affects about 20% of patients with viral hepatitis, which in some cases might be associated with marked liver damage or liver cirrhosis.streszczenie Wprowadzenie.Świąd jest nieprzyjemnym odczuciem wyzwalającym odruch drapania.Jest częstym objawem chorób skóry, ale może także wystąpić w różnych chorobach układowych.Cel pracy.Zbadanie częstości występowania i obrazu klinicznego świądu u chorych z wirusowym zapaleniem wątroby (WZW) typu B i/lub C. Materiał i metodyka.Wstępnej analizie poddano 110 osób zakażonych wirusami HBV i/lub HCV.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".