Aqueous Based Asymmetrical-Bipolar Electrochemical Capacitor with a 2.4 V Operating Voltage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel aqueous-based asymmetrical-bipolar electrochemical capacitor (EC) was developed. The EC device has leveraged the contributions from a Zn-CNT asymmetrical electrode and a KOH-H2SO4 dual-pH electrolyte. The positive and the negative electrodes operate in their respective electrolytes that have different pH values, leading to a cell voltage of 2.4 V. The potential tracking of both electrodes reveals that the Zn negative electrode maintains a potential of -1.2 V, while the CNT positive electrode is charged and discharged reversible up to +1.2 V. A bipolar ion exchange membrane effectively separates the acid and the alkaline from neutralizing. As a result, the aqueous-based asymmetrical-bipolar EC device has shown stable performance with a capacitance retention of 94 % and a coulombic efficiency of 99% over 10,000 cycles. The asymmetrical-bipolar design overcomes the thermodynamic limitation of water decomposition of the aqueous-based electrolyte, paving a new avenue towards aqueous-based ECs and energy storage systems with both high energy and power density. Figure 1
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".