Plane-wave vector-flow imaging of adult mouse heart
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-frequency ultrasound Doppler modes have been used extensively for murine cardiovascular (CV) studies, but traditional linear-array imaging modes are limited in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. Plane-wave imaging methods allow for high-speed vector-flow information to be obtained throughout a full image frame. Plane-wave imaging has been demonstrated in human CV studies, but its use in mouse models has received minimal attention. A Verasonics Vantage with an 18-MHz linear array was used to acquire plane-wave data at a frame rate of 30 kHz from the left ventricle of adult mice. Batches of 3 transmissions spanning ± 5 degrees were sent out. The mouse was placed supine on a heated imaging platform and then 2D + time data sequences. The data were beamformed using standard delay-and-sum methods and vector-flow estimates were obtained at each pixel location using a least-squares, multi-angle Doppler analysis approach. Vortex patterns in the left ventricle were visualized over several heart cycles showing the complex flow in the mouse heart.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".