Induction, Growth Kinetics and Morpho-histological Characterization of Neem Callus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Azadirachta indica A. Juss, popularly known as neem, is a species native to India, belonging to family Meliaceae, considered the most important plant species with insecticidal action. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of growth regulators on induction and growth of neem callus and to observe their viability for embryogenesis through morpho-histological characteristics. In vitro germinated plants were used for excision of nodal explants. These segments were inoculated in Murashige and Skoog culture medium containing 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic) combined with BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) at the following concentrations: 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l (T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively), for callus induction. At 0 (mass of nodal segments without callus), 20, 40 and 60 days of culture, the percentage of callus formation was observed and the callus weight was measured for each treatment and at the end of the 60 days, consistency, color, and cell histology were evaluated. There was callus formation in all treatments tested. The highest induction of Azadirachta indica A. Juss callus is observed in the presence of 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D + 2.0 mg/l BAP, with callus showing light brown color, friable consistency and rounded cells with intense cell division, typical of cells with potential embryogenic capacity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".