High Sensitive Z-Shaped Fiber Interferometric Refractive Index Sensor: Simulation and Experiment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A robust fiber-optic interferometer, which is formed by introducing two bends (i.e., z shape) to the standard telecommunication single mode fiber, is designed and analyzed theoretically and experimentally for the refractive index (RI) sensing. The first (second) bend couples (re-couples) the core (cladding) mode to the cladding (core) modes. The RI-sensitive phase difference between the core and cladding modes gives rise to the modulation of the transmitted intensity. The experimental results show that the z-shaped interferometric sensor possesses an RI sensitivity as high as 196 nm/RIU and fit well with the theoretical predictions. An investigation of the effect of perturbations of bent angle reveals that the sensor possesses relative high sensitivities as the bent angle ranges from 13° to 17° with the difference between the maximum and minimum sensitivities only 2.5% indicating the structure has a good fabrication tolerance to the inaccuracy of the bent angles. In addition, the sensor has advantages of low cost, simple structure, and an ease of fabrication, showing great potential in many sensing applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".