On the Joint Impact of Hardware and Channel Imperfections on Cognitive Spatial Modulation MIMO Systems: Cramer–Rao Bound Approach
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates the performance of spatial modulation for multiple-input multiple-output underlay spectrum-sharing systems in the presence of three practical deleterious effects: (1) transceiver hardware impairments, (2) outdated channel state information (CSI), and (3) imperfect CSI. In particular, for Rayleigh fading channels, a closed-form expression of the average pairwise error probability and a tight upper bound of the average bit error rate (ABER) are derived. In addition, asymptotic and yet simple approximate expressions are obtained, and consequently insightful discussions are manifested on the impacts of channel and hardware imperfections and on the diversity order. Moreover, explicit exact and approximate expressions for the Cramer-Rao bound are computed for assessing the channel estimation accuracy. Numerical results, which are validated through simulations, show that nonzero bounds of the ABER occur in the high power domain because of the effects of channel and hardware impairments.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it