Margarines Produced From Rice Bran Oil and Fractionated Palm Stearin and Their Characteristics During Storage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Rice bran oil (RBO) usage in Southeast Asia is increasing. The purpose of this study was to incorporate RBO in margarine as a replacement for common oils such as soybean oil. The physicochemical properties of blends of RBO and fractionated palm stearin (FPS) at eleven different weight ratios (from 0:100 to 100:0) were characterized. Results showed that fat blends with ratios of 10:90, 20:80, and 30:70 RBO:FPS were semisolid at ambient temperature, with solid fat contents and a crystal morphology similar to commercial margarine fats. Blends containing ≤30% RBO were made into margarines and compared against commercial margarine over 8 weeks of storage. The margarine with a 20:80 RBO:FPS fat phase was stable against coalescence and phase separation while demonstrating acceptable spreadability and whippability at ambient temperature. Fat crystals in this blend were in the β′ polymorph at all time points during storage, which is a desired characteristic in margarine. This study showed that RBO may be effectively used for margarine production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".